Handbook for collector "Vsesvit" - Monument - Monument to the Great fire of London

Памятник
Monument

название:

Большому пожару в Лондоне

Monument to the Great fire of London, or The Monument

история:

This monument was erected by Parliament to commemorate the Great Fire, which began on September 2, 1666 and in four days destroyed more than 80% of the City. Column tall is equal the distance east from its base to the spot where the actual fire started in Pudding Lane.

Monument was also conceived by Christopher Wren (a noted scientist as well as architect) as a laboratory for him to carry out his experiments. Pendulums were dangled within the hollow column to test whether gravity made objects heavier dependent on height and whether or not atmospheric pressure changes at different levels within the shaft. The urn atop the Monument housed a lens which corresponded with a lens in the basement through which natural light was projected for Wren to try and prove that the earth rotated by measuring its movement against fixed points in the sky.

All visitors who complete the climb are presented with a certificate of achievement.

место:

Лондон

London

место:

near to the northern end of London Bridge

intersection of Monument Street and Fish Street

композиция:

flaming urn at the top

композиция:

Urn symbolises the fire.

оформление:

Copper.

A frieze on the base of the column depicts the Shattered City.

рельеф

relief

композиция:

The relief depicts a personification of London grieving while Time lifts her up. Behind her buildings are in flame. Peace and Prosperity are in the clouds, a promise of the renewal of London. An emblematical sculpture, in alto and bas relief, of the destruction of the City; with King Charles II, and his brother, James, the Duke of York (later James II) surrounded by Liberty, Architecture, and Science, giving directions for its restoration. Charles II in armor is on the right.

оформление:

Caius Gabriel Cibber

предмет с изображением:

файл

basereli

http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/england/london/wrenmonument/baserelief.jpg

оформление:

1676...77.

Sir Christopher Wren.

Roman doric column.

Portland stone.

The column is punctuated at regular levels with narrow slits which allow in natural light.

h = 61 м. (the tallest free-standing stone column in the world)

311 steps lead to the viewing deck with a great view over London. Metal bars both surround and traverse the top of the viewing deck to prevent accidents.

Three sides of the base of the monument carry inscriptions in Latin. The one on the south side describes actions taken by Charles II following the fire. The one on the east describes how the monument was started and brought to perfection, and under which mayors. The one on the north describes how the fire started, how much damage it caused, and how the fire was extinguished. In 1681 the words "but Popish frenzy, which wrought such horrors, is not yet quenched" were added to the end of the inscription.

надпись:

INCEPTA

RICHARDO FORD EQUETE

FRACTONE A.D. MDCLXXI

PERDVCTA ALTEVS

GEORGIO WATERMAN EQ:PV

ROBERTO HANSON EQ:PV

GVLIELMO HOOKER EQ:PV

ROBERTO VINER: EQ:PV

IOSEPHO SHELDON CQ:PV

PERFECTA

?NOMA DAVIES EQ PRA V??